Article published on the 2008-09-22 Latest update 2008-09-22 13:30 TU
The former head of a cement company, Aso's supporters have pinned their hopes that he will bring Japan out of the worst crisis and avoid a recession.
"I felt recession when travelling around the country. I felt certain that the economy was in decline," Aso said in his first news conference since the vote. He predicted that it would take about three years to get the Japanese economy to a healthy level.
His plan to increase government spending is part of efforts to boost the economy, contrary to what ruling party reformists have advocated. The soaring social welfare costs are largely tied to the rapidly ageing Japanese society.
"The Japanese medical system is in a hell of a mess...what the government is now proposing a new system for people over age 65 but people have lost a lot of trust and a lot of faith in the bureaucrats," said correspondent Julian Ryall from Tokyo.
"The agency in charge of Japan's pensions has has lost or mislaid lots of info on thousands and thousands of individual taxpayers, and they've essentially have lost their pensions," he added.